Monday, October 22, 2012

This Day in History: Oct 22, 1797: The first parachutist

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The first parachute jump of note is made by André-Jacques Garnerin from a hydrogen balloon 3,200 feet above Paris.
 File:Conical Parachute, 1470s, British Museum Add. MSS 34,113, fol. 200v.jpg
 File:Homo Volans.jpg
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Leonardo da Vinci conceived the idea of the parachute in his writings, and the Frenchman Louis-Sebastien Lenormand fashioned a kind of parachute out of two umbrellas and jumped from a tree in 1783, but André-Jacques Garnerin was the first to design and test parachutes capable of slowing a man's fall from a high altitude.

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 https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnmsjeVgc7u2V3C4i3wMNZgv3t51FJqfmW4S4-mZ37B0KIkR448DtV-xCxRlbrRFcB0jBb6CoeKYL12ih1xsJe77Bg5S2J1lqVBATpKlD1HW-Alr-zsixsckPjAbYqX1RLT6kb2HceB3E/s1600/The+first+ever+Parachute+jump+from+a+Balloon009.jpg

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Garnerin first conceived of the possibility of using air resistance to slow an individual's fall from a high altitude while a prisoner during the French Revolution. Although he never employed a parachute to escape from the high ramparts of the Hungarian prison where he spent three years, Garnerin never lost interest in the concept of the parachute. In 1797, he completed his first parachute, a canopy 23 feet in diameter and attached to a basket with suspension lines.
 
André-Jacques Garnerin parachute


On October 22, 1797, Garnerin attached the parachute to a hydrogen balloon and ascended to an altitude of 3,200 feet. He then clambered into the basket and severed the parachute from the balloon. As he failed to include an air vent at the top of the prototype, Garnerin oscillated wildly in his descent, but he landed shaken but unhurt half a mile from the balloon's takeoff site. In 1799, Garnerin's wife, Jeanne-Genevieve, became the first female parachutist. In 1802, Garnerin made a spectacular jump from 8,000 feet during an exhibition in England. He died in a balloon accident in 1823 while preparing to test a new parachute.

File:Monsieur and Madame Garnerin, by Christoph Haller von Hallerstein, (1771 - 1839).jpg

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 http://www.bonjourparis.com/static/img/waterfall/allee_garnerin_small.jpg

http://www.bonjourparis.com/static/img/waterfall/garnerin_plaque_2_small.jpg

taken from:  http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-first-parachutist [22.10.2012]

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